Bagi pengguna Firefox yang mengalami kesulitan download (di candrabeqx.net) karena lagu yang di download secara otomatis dimainkan dalam browser karena adanya plug in dari Quick time player, dapat melakukan langkah-langkah berikut ini agar lagu tersebut dapat langsung disimpan dalam harddisk mu:
1. Bukalah aplikasi browser Mozilla Firefox mu terlebih dahulu.
2. Click menu Tools > Options...
3. Dalam window Options, pilihlah tab general dan lihat bagian download.
4. Pilih always ask me where to save files
5. Lalu pada bagian add-ons, click tombol manage add-ons.
6. Pada window Add-ons, pilih tab Plugins, dan cari plugin Quick Time Player di sana.
7. Click tombol Disable pada plugin tersebut
Dan voila ^^ lagu sudah bisa di download
Originally posted by CandrabeQx:
atau kalo ga mau repot-repot, klik kanan tombol downloadnya [δ], lalu pilih:
* Save Link As... untuk browser Mozilla Firefox
* Save link as... untuk browser Goggle Chrome
* Save Target As... untuk browser Internet Explorer
* Save Linked Content As... untuk browser Opera
* Download Linked File As... untuk browser Safari
2 comments
Lagu Patch Januari - Desember 2009
By Selly Yanagi. Wednesday, 28. July 2010, 02:29:44
daftar lagu ayodance indonesia
Daftar lagu AyoDance tahun 2009
(maaf sudah lama ngga update blog ini)
Read more...
2 comments
Lagu Patch Desember 2008
By Selly Yanagi. Wednesday, 28. July 2010, 01:21:31
daftar lagu ayodance indonesia
Big Bang - Number 1
BoA - Beautiful Flowers
Brown Eyed Girls - How Come?
Brown Eyed Girls - You
Brown Eyes - Already One Year
Candy - Bila
Candy - I Wanna Be With You
Clazziquai Project - Be My Love (Original Mix)
Crown J. - Fly Boy
D Star - Jago Selingkuh
Jace - Father (A Song For The Deceased) (ft. Kim Hyun Jin, 3534 Yoon Hee Jung)
Jace - Happy Day (Remix Version) (ft. Kim Hyun Jin)
Jade Valerie - You Don't Know Me
Jewelry - Super Star
Jinoosean - Phone Number
Lena Park - No Break (ft. Crown J.)
Lolita - Jangan Ganggu Pacarku
Min Hyo Rin - Wait For Me, Wolf!
Se7en - La La La
Se7en - Passion
Shin Tae Kwon - Song For You (ft. The Melody Taru)
SiRDoLpHiN - Bangsaku
Sung Ah - Cocomi (Love Song) (ft. Hoo Ni Hoon)
Sweetbox - Bold & Delicious
Tohoshinki - Purple Line
Turtles - Cocktail Love
Turtles - Pink Light Christmas
Hidden Song:
Tohoshinki - Forever Love (Acapella Version)
No comments
Web untuk Download lagu Ayodance - candrabeqx
By Selly Yanagi. Tuesday, 27. July 2010, 06:46:21
Download lagu ayodance
Hello semua ^^
karena deaglefrenzy dan ayodance fansite sudah tidak aktif, otomatis tidak bisa download lagu dari sana lagi.
Baru-baru ini saya menemukan web bagus, silahkan dikunjungi di Click di sini. Di sana kita bisa download lagu-lagu AyoDance patch terbaru lho
Rabu, 22 September 2010
Lagu
Pekerjaan: Singer, Songwriter
Nama Lengkap: Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll
Tanggal Kelahiran: February 2, 1977
Tempat lahir: Barranquilla, Colombia
Height: 5′ 2″
Weight: 106 lbs
Horoscope: Aquarius
Significant Other(s):
Antonio de la Rua, son of the President of Argentina
Osvaldo Rios, actor; no longer together
Family:
Ayah: William Mebarak (jewler, clock salesman)
Ibu: Nidia del Carmen Ripoll Torrado
Saudara perempuan: Lucy (neurosurgeon), Robin and Patricia
Saudara Pria: Tonino (road manager), Alberto (lawyer), Moises and Edward
Claim to Fame: Multi-platinum, Latin pop sensation crossed over with the hit album Laundry Service (2001)
Penghargaan: 2000: Grammy: Best Latin Pop Performance, Shakira: MTV Unplugged
Fun Fact: Her name is Arabic for “woman full of grace”
You’re a good soldier
Choosing your battles
Pick yourself up
And dust yourself off
And back in the saddle
You’re on the frontline
Everyone’s watching
You know it’s serious
We’re getting closer
This isnt over
The pressure is on
You feel it
But you’ve got it all
Believe it
When you fall get up
Oh oh…
And if you fall get up
Oh oh…
Tsamina mina
Zangalewa
Cuz this is Africa
Tsamina mina eh eh
Waka Waka eh eh
Tsamina mina zangalewa
Anawa aa
This time for Africa
Listen to your god
This is our motto
Your time to shine
Dont wait in line
Y vamos por Todo
People are raising
Their Expectations
Go on and feed them
This is your moment
No hesitations
Today’s your day
I feel it
You paved the way
Believe it
If you get down
Get up Oh oh…
When you get down
Get up eh eh…
Tsamina mina zangalewa
Anawa aa
This time for Africa
Tsamina mina eh eh
Waka Waka eh eh
Tsamina mina zangalewa
Anawa aa
Tsamina mina eh eh
Waka Waka eh eh
Tsamina mina zangalewa
This time for Africa
Nama Lengkap: Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll
Tanggal Kelahiran: February 2, 1977
Tempat lahir: Barranquilla, Colombia
Height: 5′ 2″
Weight: 106 lbs
Horoscope: Aquarius
Significant Other(s):
Antonio de la Rua, son of the President of Argentina
Osvaldo Rios, actor; no longer together
Family:
Ayah: William Mebarak (jewler, clock salesman)
Ibu: Nidia del Carmen Ripoll Torrado
Saudara perempuan: Lucy (neurosurgeon), Robin and Patricia
Saudara Pria: Tonino (road manager), Alberto (lawyer), Moises and Edward
Claim to Fame: Multi-platinum, Latin pop sensation crossed over with the hit album Laundry Service (2001)
Penghargaan: 2000: Grammy: Best Latin Pop Performance, Shakira: MTV Unplugged
Fun Fact: Her name is Arabic for “woman full of grace”
You’re a good soldier
Choosing your battles
Pick yourself up
And dust yourself off
And back in the saddle
You’re on the frontline
Everyone’s watching
You know it’s serious
We’re getting closer
This isnt over
The pressure is on
You feel it
But you’ve got it all
Believe it
When you fall get up
Oh oh…
And if you fall get up
Oh oh…
Tsamina mina
Zangalewa
Cuz this is Africa
Tsamina mina eh eh
Waka Waka eh eh
Tsamina mina zangalewa
Anawa aa
This time for Africa
Listen to your god
This is our motto
Your time to shine
Dont wait in line
Y vamos por Todo
People are raising
Their Expectations
Go on and feed them
This is your moment
No hesitations
Today’s your day
I feel it
You paved the way
Believe it
If you get down
Get up Oh oh…
When you get down
Get up eh eh…
Tsamina mina zangalewa
Anawa aa
This time for Africa
Tsamina mina eh eh
Waka Waka eh eh
Tsamina mina zangalewa
Anawa aa
Tsamina mina eh eh
Waka Waka eh eh
Tsamina mina zangalewa
This time for Africa
Permainan
Plants vs. Zombies is a tower defense video game developed and originally published by PopCap Games for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X systems. The game involves a homeowner using many varieties of plants to repel an army of zombies. The homeowner, along with a neighbor called Crazy Dave, must defend the homeowner's house during day or night, in the front yard and the backyard (which contains a swimming pool), and even on the roof. It was first released on May 5, 2009 and made available on Steam on the same day.[3][8] A version for the iPhone operating system was released in February 2010, and an HD version for the iPad[9]). An extended Xbox Live Arcade version introducing new gameplay modes and features was released on September 8, 2010.[6] PopCap has also announced a Nintendo DS version, to be released in January 2011, that will feature content unique to the platform.[10] Furthermore, both the original Windows and Mac version of the game have been re-released with additional content in a Game of the Year version. The game received a positive response from critics, and was nominated for multiple Interactive Achievement Awards, alongside receiving praise for its musical score.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Gameplay
o 1.1 Game modes
* 2 Development
o 2.1 Concept
o 2.2 Design
o 2.3 Soundtrack
* 3 Cultural references
* 4 Reception
o 4.1 Awards
o 4.2 Sales
* 5 References
* 6 External links
[edit] Gameplay
A screenshot of typical gameplay.
Plants vs. Zombies sees players placing different types of plants and fungi, such as Potato Mines, Peashooters, Cattails, Hypno-shrooms, Cabbage-pults, Melon-pults, planterns and many others, each with their own unique offensive or defensive capabilities, across the front lawn, back lawn, and roof of a house in order to stop a horde of zombies from devouring the brains of the residents. The playing field is divided into a number of horizontal tracks, and in general, although there are exceptions (such as when the plant Garlic is used), a zombie will only move towards the player's house along one track, and most plants can only attack or defend against zombies in the track they are planted in. In the game's initial levels, if the zombie reaches the player's house, a one-shot tool (a lawn mower or pool cleaner) can be used to completely wipe out zombies in that track, but the tool will not be restored until the next level. In later levels, players have to purchase upgrades so as to adapt their lawn-mower to new environments like pools or rooftops. Zombies, except in special cases, attempt to devour any plants in their way while heading towards the house.
The player starts with a limited number of seed packs and seed pack slots that they can use during most levels. New seed packs are gained by completing levels, while the number of slots can be increased through purchases with in-game money. At the start of a level, the player is shown the various types of zombies to expect and given the opportunity to select which seed packs to take into the level. In order to plant a seed, the player must have collected a specific amount of sunlight. Sunlight is generated by plants which provide sunlight at regular intervals, or is automatically generated regularly for the player during daytime levels. Seed packs also have a short time delay before the same seed can be planted again. Several plants are nocturnal, like mushrooms, having a lower sunlight cost and are ideal for nighttime levels, but will remain asleep during daytime levels unless awoken by a coffee bean. In the "backyard" levels that include a swimming pool, seeds must be planted atop lily pads on water spaces (with a few exceptions, such as the Spikeweed, that cannot be planted atop lily pads), while on the roof levels, all seeds must be planted in flower pots. The various plant abilities range from firing projectiles at zombies, turning zombies against each other, quickly exploding and wiping out an area of zombies, and slowing down zombies. Certain plants are highly effective against specific types of zombies, such as a "Magnet-shroom" that can remove metallic items from a zombie, such as helmets and ladders.
The zombies also come in a number of types that have different attributes, in particular, speed, damage tolerance, and abilities. As the player progresses in the game, the zombies will include those wearing makeshift armor, those that are able to jump or fly over plants, and even a dancing zombie that is able to summon other zombies from the ground.[11] In each level, zombies will approach the house randomly except at special points where the player will be inundated with a "huge wave" of zombies; a meter on screen shows an approximate timeline for the level so the player can prepare for these waves.
[edit] Game modes
The primary game mode is a single player Adventure mode pitting the player against waves after waves of zombies. Killing zombies and finishing the levels may earn the player money that can be used at a store run by the neighbor "Crazy Dave" to buy new seed packs and other bonuses. In some levels of the game, the player will be provided with random seed packets, with no sunlight requirement, at regular intervals, and the player must figure out how best to survive with the random seeds given.
The game also features extra modes that are unlockable as the player progresses through the game's main Adventure mode. These include a survival mode, a puzzle mode and a selection of minigames which include zombie-themed versions of other PopCap games like Bejeweled and Insaniquarium. The game also features a "zen garden", where players can care for plants they acquire from fallen zombies during game play. Plants stored here produce money for the player as long as they are provided with items they ask for, such as water and plant food. The in-game store also carries items that help with the zen garden(available at the 5 last levels) . In the iOS version of the game, the puzzle mode and Zen Garden were removed. The Xbox Live Arcade version of the game includes two multiplayer modes, both co-operative and competitive, additional mini-games and a virtual house where players can show off their achievements to friends.[12][13]
[edit] Development
[hide]System requirements
Requirements
Windows[3]
Operating system Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP
CPU 1.2 GHz
Memory 1 GB
Hard drive space 65+MB of free hard drive space
Graphics hardware 128 MB of video memory, 16-bit or 32-bit color quality
Sound hardware DirectX-compatible sound
Mac[3]
Operating system Mac OS X 10.4.11-10.6.x
CPU 1.66 GHz+ (dual core)
Memory 1 GB
Hard drive space 50 MB
Graphics hardware 64 MB of video memory, 16-bit or 32-bit color quality
Sound hardware Standard audio
[edit] Concept
Plants vs. Zombies director George Fan intended on balancing the game between a "gritty" game and a "sickeningly cute" game. Strong strategic elements were included to appeal to the hardcore crowd (semi-professional), while he kept it simple without requiring players go through too many tutorials to appeal to a more casual crowd (non-professional). He was inspired to make it a tower defense game after both thinking of a more defense-oriented version of a previous title of his, Insaniquarium as well as playing some Warcraft III tower defense mods.[14] When looking at the towers in Warcraft III, he felt that plants would make good towers. Another inspiration came in the form of the card game Magic: The Gathering, though few elements made it into the game. He wanted to bring something new to the genre with Plants vs. Zombies, and he found common tower defense game play elements such as "juggling" (the tactic of building a two exit maze, then closing off the one that the monsters are close to, waiting for them to reach the other, deleting the first barricade, closing the second exit, and so forth...)[15] and "mazing" (the tactic of creating a long, windy path of towers) to be too awkward, causing him to use the five and six lane set-ups that were used in the final version.[16][17]
He included elements from Magic: The Gathering while teaching his girlfriend, Laura Shigihara, who composed the music for the game, how to play the card game, showing her how one can customize their decks. That inspired him to include the seed packets as opposed to a conveyor belt that produced randomly selected plants, due to the complexity of this system. Various members of PopCap Games contributed to the development of Plants vs. Zombies through an internal forum where they gave feedback. Another influence on Plants vs. Zombies besides Warcraft III and Insaniquarium was Tapper, crediting the use of five lanes to this game.[16][17]
Plants vs. Zombies was originally much like Insaniquarium in that it involved nurturing the plants by watering them and growing grass, but the developers found it to be tedious. It was originally called "Weedlings", but this concept was scrapped after the developers realized that there were far too many plant-growing games on the market (the idea had been partly recovered into the aforementioned zen garden feature). One of the critical changes to the game was the lowering of the price of Sunflowers from 100 to 50, as those inexperienced to the genre would spend their sun power on Peashooters and inevitably lose. While it required that the game be rebalanced, Fan found it worth it.[16] Another inspiration for Plants vs. Zombies' mechanics comes from the film Swiss Family Robinson. Fan watched the film while he worked on the game, specifically mentioning a scene where the family defends themselves against pirates. He cited two things that made the scene exciting - the traps they lay down, and watching enemies fall into them. This was the inspiration for the Potato Mine, stating that it was satisfying to watch a zombie step on the mine, being defeated and covered in mashed potatoes.[18]
[edit] Design
The team wanted to bring back the aliens from Insaniquarium, but in the end were changed to zombies, which players could react to more easily because of how slowly they moved. Fan's favourite zombie was the Pole Vaulting Zombie, due to the hilarity involved when a player encounters it for the first time, using a specific example where a player tries to block it with the Wall-Nut, only to have the zombie jump over it. The developers intended to make sure the zombies were not just more powerful versions of earlier zombies, trying to find interesting designs and interesting ways for the players to defend against them.[19] An example of one zombie that did not make the cut was a zombie walking a zombie dog, which was invulnerable because it was too short to be hit. Once the zombie was defeated, the dog would go crazy and charge forward. But this did not enhance the game play enough, and Fan was worried that players would not understand the game mechanic.[16][17]
The developers focused on the Adventure mode for the first year of development, but programmer Tod Semple finished his development tasks ahead of schedule. Afterward, he was looking for something to do, and began work on minigame ideas. The Puzzle mode had similar origins; Vasebreaker and I, Zombie came from single-level minigames, but after playing them to tweak them, he found he was addicted to them. Fan found it impressive how well-designed they were, stating that while they were using the same plants and the same zombies, they were reinventions of the game mechanics. Fan worried that the minigame and puzzle modes may distract from the main game, so to keep players focused on the Adventure mode, he required that they beat it before they could move onto these modes. However, this was changed due to comments from beta testers that they would like to try these modes out sooner. The developers allowed players to play a few of the stages from these modes in the middle of Adventure mode. Fan stated that it's a common perception amongst players that the Adventure mode is 90% of the game, while the rest of the game is merely additional content. He hoped that players would appreciate the post-game content. Another mode is the Survival mode, which included an Endless mode. After players were getting to the hundredth level in only three hours, Fan decided to make it more difficult, adding powerful zombies at the 30th level.[17]
Fan stated that every game he worked on had only him designing the prototype, adding that he used to draw a lot before he made games, where he made pixel art. The final designs of the zombies and the first plants are similar to how they were initially. After searching for an artist, they discovered Rich Werner, who Fan thought clicked with what he intended for the design. He attributed the intrigue of the design to its animation scheme; Tod Semple suggested that they animate it in Flash and export it into the game. Fan worried that this would look like it was cut out from paper, and would resemble South Park too much, but was satisfied in the end, attributing this to Semple and Werner's talents.[17]
Fan was most proud of the Tall-nut, Torchwood, and Cob Cannon plants. He explained that the Tall-nut has character, citing its "determined gaze" and how it sheds a single tear when hurt. Laura Shigihara could not stand to see this, and protected it with a protective plant called a Pumpkin, which can protect plants inside it. He felt that the Torchwood required players to think of how plants interacted with each other. The Cob Cannon went through many design changes, but Fan was happy with the final design.[16][17] Another favourite plant of Fan's was the Squash, due to how well it explained its purpose, to squash things.[19] A plant was proposed that is similar to the defensive item Umbrella Leaf, which would be planted above other plants to protect them from airborne zombies. However, it was difficult to visualize their positions.[17]
[edit] Soundtrack
The soundtrack for Plants vs. Zombies was composed by Laura Shigihara. It borrows elements from the pop music genre, as well as console chiptunes. Before the inception of Plants vs. Zombies, Fan asked Shigihara if she would like to compose the music for his next title after following her for some years. She accepted, owing to his creativity. Shigihara described the music as "macabre, yet goofy." Using the night stage as an example, she used a combination of "Big Band" and swing beats with "several haunting and serious melodies". The songs "Loonboon" and "Brainiac Maniac" were written towards the end of production. She stated that these were reactionary songs that she wrote to fit the feel of the game after having played through it twice. She tried to make the game have a Danny Elfman feel to it, while mixing in melodic tunes and funky beats. She describes a song early in the game, which uses marching band percussion and swing beats. She described another one which used techno beats with organic sounds.[20] Shigihara also composed and performed the music video shown during the credits of the game, titled Zombies on your Lawn.[21][22]
[edit] Cultural references
Plants vs. Zombies uses many cultural references in its names of stages and others. Two of the mini-games—"Zombiquarium" and "Beghouled"—take their names from two other PopCap games, Insaniquarium and Bejeweled respectively.[17][23] One of the zombies is a dancing zombie, resembling Michael Jackson from the music video "Thriller".[24] Though the Jackson-inspired zombie was present in the game before Jackson's death, the estate of Michael Jackson objected to its inclusion more than a year after his death; PopCap agreed to remove the Jackson-inspired zombie and replaced it with a more generic disco-dancing one for all future patches and releases of the game.[25] Some Plants vs. Zombies advertisements parody controversial Evony ads, showing a drooling zombie instead of a voluptuous woman.[26]
A planned name was Lawn of the Dead, a pun on the title of the George Romero zombie film Dawn of the Dead. Due to legal reasons it was changed to Plants vs. Zombies.[19] It spent three years in development, and was released for the PC on 5 May 2009.[17] Since it was released, it has been announced for multiple platforms, including the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade digital distribution service and the iOS.[27][28]
Plants vs. Zombies itself was referenced in The Passing campaign of Valve Software's fellow zombie game Left 4 Dead 2, in which the player can stumble upon in-game graffiti attributed to the character of Crazy Dave.
A quest, "Peacebloom vs Ghouls" in the Massively multiplayer online game World of Warcraft: Cataclysm is based on Plants vs. Zombies, using Warcraft elements to recreate the gameplay.[29]
The song "Loonboon" was inspired by composer Laura Shigihara's cat which they named Metroid. She explained that the stage she was composing for was frantic, so she watched Metroid as he ran around the house, jumping off walls and playing with his toy mouse. "Brainiac Maniac" was inspired by older Capcom games, specifically those in the Mega Man series, describing their songs as melodic and complex. She was inspired to make the Plants vs. Zombies music video by her desire to make a theme song for the game. She specifically chose the Sunflower to be the one singing by wanting to have it communicating with the zombies. She later suggested that it be made into a funny flash video, and Rich Werner and Tod Semple, an artist and programmer respectively from PopCap came down and worked on it. Once it was completed after two weeks of work, the PopCap marketing team enjoyed it enough that they used it as a marketing tool.[18] There are no plans to release the soundtrack as a stand-alone item, but Shigihara stated that she wishes to do it, so she thinks there is a good chance of it.[20]
[edit] Reception
{{VG Reviews |1UP = A- |Edge = 9/10 |EuroG = 9/10 |GamePro = 4.5/5 stars |GSpot = 8.5/10 |IGN = 9.0/10 |PCGUK = 90% |Destructoid = 10/10 |rev1 = Wired |rev1Score = 9/10 |rev2 = Gamezebo |rev2Score = 4.5/5 stars |MC = 88 |GR = 88.6% |PSN 360 = 4.1/5 Plants vs. Zombies has received a positive reception from critics, garnering an aggregate score of 88/100 from Metacritic and an 89.5% from GameRankings.[30][31] IGN editor Daemon Hatfield commented that it featured a lot more content than other games in the genre, as well as praising its addictive nature.[32] GameSpot editor Chris Watters praised the design of the plants and zombies, as well as the visuals and its overall value. However, he found fault in the learning curve.[33] 1UP editor Alice Liang found the game enjoyable, commenting that the lawnmowers that protect the left side of the screen strikes a good balance between ease-of-use and indepth game play.[23] Edge's review praised PopCap Games for adding an imaginative touch to every little detail of the game. He also credited them for taking the tower defense genre and making it their own.[34]
Laura Shigihara's music video also received praise, with Hatfield attributing his interest in the game to the video.[32] Liang also praised the song, asking how anyone could not want Plants vs. Zombies after seeing the video.[23]
[edit] Awards
Plants vs. Zombies has been nominated for the "Casual Game of the Year" and "Outstanding Achievement in Game Design" Interactive Achievement Awards from the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.[35] The game received nominations in "Best Game Design", "Innovation", and "Best Download Game" for the Game Developers Choice Awards.[36] Plants vs Zombies was picked by Gamezebo as one of the 'Best games of 2009'.[37]
[edit] Sales
To date, Plants vs. Zombies is the fastest-selling video game created by PopCap Games.[38] Plants vs. Zombies director George Fan estimated that half of the game's sales are from hardcore gamers.[39]
According to PopCap, the iOS release of Plants vs. Zombies sold more than 300,000 copies in the first nine days it was available on the App Store, generating more than $1M in gross sales, and considered it "the top-grossing iPhone launch"
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Gameplay
o 1.1 Game modes
* 2 Development
o 2.1 Concept
o 2.2 Design
o 2.3 Soundtrack
* 3 Cultural references
* 4 Reception
o 4.1 Awards
o 4.2 Sales
* 5 References
* 6 External links
[edit] Gameplay
A screenshot of typical gameplay.
Plants vs. Zombies sees players placing different types of plants and fungi, such as Potato Mines, Peashooters, Cattails, Hypno-shrooms, Cabbage-pults, Melon-pults, planterns and many others, each with their own unique offensive or defensive capabilities, across the front lawn, back lawn, and roof of a house in order to stop a horde of zombies from devouring the brains of the residents. The playing field is divided into a number of horizontal tracks, and in general, although there are exceptions (such as when the plant Garlic is used), a zombie will only move towards the player's house along one track, and most plants can only attack or defend against zombies in the track they are planted in. In the game's initial levels, if the zombie reaches the player's house, a one-shot tool (a lawn mower or pool cleaner) can be used to completely wipe out zombies in that track, but the tool will not be restored until the next level. In later levels, players have to purchase upgrades so as to adapt their lawn-mower to new environments like pools or rooftops. Zombies, except in special cases, attempt to devour any plants in their way while heading towards the house.
The player starts with a limited number of seed packs and seed pack slots that they can use during most levels. New seed packs are gained by completing levels, while the number of slots can be increased through purchases with in-game money. At the start of a level, the player is shown the various types of zombies to expect and given the opportunity to select which seed packs to take into the level. In order to plant a seed, the player must have collected a specific amount of sunlight. Sunlight is generated by plants which provide sunlight at regular intervals, or is automatically generated regularly for the player during daytime levels. Seed packs also have a short time delay before the same seed can be planted again. Several plants are nocturnal, like mushrooms, having a lower sunlight cost and are ideal for nighttime levels, but will remain asleep during daytime levels unless awoken by a coffee bean. In the "backyard" levels that include a swimming pool, seeds must be planted atop lily pads on water spaces (with a few exceptions, such as the Spikeweed, that cannot be planted atop lily pads), while on the roof levels, all seeds must be planted in flower pots. The various plant abilities range from firing projectiles at zombies, turning zombies against each other, quickly exploding and wiping out an area of zombies, and slowing down zombies. Certain plants are highly effective against specific types of zombies, such as a "Magnet-shroom" that can remove metallic items from a zombie, such as helmets and ladders.
The zombies also come in a number of types that have different attributes, in particular, speed, damage tolerance, and abilities. As the player progresses in the game, the zombies will include those wearing makeshift armor, those that are able to jump or fly over plants, and even a dancing zombie that is able to summon other zombies from the ground.[11] In each level, zombies will approach the house randomly except at special points where the player will be inundated with a "huge wave" of zombies; a meter on screen shows an approximate timeline for the level so the player can prepare for these waves.
[edit] Game modes
The primary game mode is a single player Adventure mode pitting the player against waves after waves of zombies. Killing zombies and finishing the levels may earn the player money that can be used at a store run by the neighbor "Crazy Dave" to buy new seed packs and other bonuses. In some levels of the game, the player will be provided with random seed packets, with no sunlight requirement, at regular intervals, and the player must figure out how best to survive with the random seeds given.
The game also features extra modes that are unlockable as the player progresses through the game's main Adventure mode. These include a survival mode, a puzzle mode and a selection of minigames which include zombie-themed versions of other PopCap games like Bejeweled and Insaniquarium. The game also features a "zen garden", where players can care for plants they acquire from fallen zombies during game play. Plants stored here produce money for the player as long as they are provided with items they ask for, such as water and plant food. The in-game store also carries items that help with the zen garden(available at the 5 last levels) . In the iOS version of the game, the puzzle mode and Zen Garden were removed. The Xbox Live Arcade version of the game includes two multiplayer modes, both co-operative and competitive, additional mini-games and a virtual house where players can show off their achievements to friends.[12][13]
[edit] Development
[hide]System requirements
Requirements
Windows[3]
Operating system Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP
CPU 1.2 GHz
Memory 1 GB
Hard drive space 65+MB of free hard drive space
Graphics hardware 128 MB of video memory, 16-bit or 32-bit color quality
Sound hardware DirectX-compatible sound
Mac[3]
Operating system Mac OS X 10.4.11-10.6.x
CPU 1.66 GHz+ (dual core)
Memory 1 GB
Hard drive space 50 MB
Graphics hardware 64 MB of video memory, 16-bit or 32-bit color quality
Sound hardware Standard audio
[edit] Concept
Plants vs. Zombies director George Fan intended on balancing the game between a "gritty" game and a "sickeningly cute" game. Strong strategic elements were included to appeal to the hardcore crowd (semi-professional), while he kept it simple without requiring players go through too many tutorials to appeal to a more casual crowd (non-professional). He was inspired to make it a tower defense game after both thinking of a more defense-oriented version of a previous title of his, Insaniquarium as well as playing some Warcraft III tower defense mods.[14] When looking at the towers in Warcraft III, he felt that plants would make good towers. Another inspiration came in the form of the card game Magic: The Gathering, though few elements made it into the game. He wanted to bring something new to the genre with Plants vs. Zombies, and he found common tower defense game play elements such as "juggling" (the tactic of building a two exit maze, then closing off the one that the monsters are close to, waiting for them to reach the other, deleting the first barricade, closing the second exit, and so forth...)[15] and "mazing" (the tactic of creating a long, windy path of towers) to be too awkward, causing him to use the five and six lane set-ups that were used in the final version.[16][17]
He included elements from Magic: The Gathering while teaching his girlfriend, Laura Shigihara, who composed the music for the game, how to play the card game, showing her how one can customize their decks. That inspired him to include the seed packets as opposed to a conveyor belt that produced randomly selected plants, due to the complexity of this system. Various members of PopCap Games contributed to the development of Plants vs. Zombies through an internal forum where they gave feedback. Another influence on Plants vs. Zombies besides Warcraft III and Insaniquarium was Tapper, crediting the use of five lanes to this game.[16][17]
Plants vs. Zombies was originally much like Insaniquarium in that it involved nurturing the plants by watering them and growing grass, but the developers found it to be tedious. It was originally called "Weedlings", but this concept was scrapped after the developers realized that there were far too many plant-growing games on the market (the idea had been partly recovered into the aforementioned zen garden feature). One of the critical changes to the game was the lowering of the price of Sunflowers from 100 to 50, as those inexperienced to the genre would spend their sun power on Peashooters and inevitably lose. While it required that the game be rebalanced, Fan found it worth it.[16] Another inspiration for Plants vs. Zombies' mechanics comes from the film Swiss Family Robinson. Fan watched the film while he worked on the game, specifically mentioning a scene where the family defends themselves against pirates. He cited two things that made the scene exciting - the traps they lay down, and watching enemies fall into them. This was the inspiration for the Potato Mine, stating that it was satisfying to watch a zombie step on the mine, being defeated and covered in mashed potatoes.[18]
[edit] Design
The team wanted to bring back the aliens from Insaniquarium, but in the end were changed to zombies, which players could react to more easily because of how slowly they moved. Fan's favourite zombie was the Pole Vaulting Zombie, due to the hilarity involved when a player encounters it for the first time, using a specific example where a player tries to block it with the Wall-Nut, only to have the zombie jump over it. The developers intended to make sure the zombies were not just more powerful versions of earlier zombies, trying to find interesting designs and interesting ways for the players to defend against them.[19] An example of one zombie that did not make the cut was a zombie walking a zombie dog, which was invulnerable because it was too short to be hit. Once the zombie was defeated, the dog would go crazy and charge forward. But this did not enhance the game play enough, and Fan was worried that players would not understand the game mechanic.[16][17]
The developers focused on the Adventure mode for the first year of development, but programmer Tod Semple finished his development tasks ahead of schedule. Afterward, he was looking for something to do, and began work on minigame ideas. The Puzzle mode had similar origins; Vasebreaker and I, Zombie came from single-level minigames, but after playing them to tweak them, he found he was addicted to them. Fan found it impressive how well-designed they were, stating that while they were using the same plants and the same zombies, they were reinventions of the game mechanics. Fan worried that the minigame and puzzle modes may distract from the main game, so to keep players focused on the Adventure mode, he required that they beat it before they could move onto these modes. However, this was changed due to comments from beta testers that they would like to try these modes out sooner. The developers allowed players to play a few of the stages from these modes in the middle of Adventure mode. Fan stated that it's a common perception amongst players that the Adventure mode is 90% of the game, while the rest of the game is merely additional content. He hoped that players would appreciate the post-game content. Another mode is the Survival mode, which included an Endless mode. After players were getting to the hundredth level in only three hours, Fan decided to make it more difficult, adding powerful zombies at the 30th level.[17]
Fan stated that every game he worked on had only him designing the prototype, adding that he used to draw a lot before he made games, where he made pixel art. The final designs of the zombies and the first plants are similar to how they were initially. After searching for an artist, they discovered Rich Werner, who Fan thought clicked with what he intended for the design. He attributed the intrigue of the design to its animation scheme; Tod Semple suggested that they animate it in Flash and export it into the game. Fan worried that this would look like it was cut out from paper, and would resemble South Park too much, but was satisfied in the end, attributing this to Semple and Werner's talents.[17]
Fan was most proud of the Tall-nut, Torchwood, and Cob Cannon plants. He explained that the Tall-nut has character, citing its "determined gaze" and how it sheds a single tear when hurt. Laura Shigihara could not stand to see this, and protected it with a protective plant called a Pumpkin, which can protect plants inside it. He felt that the Torchwood required players to think of how plants interacted with each other. The Cob Cannon went through many design changes, but Fan was happy with the final design.[16][17] Another favourite plant of Fan's was the Squash, due to how well it explained its purpose, to squash things.[19] A plant was proposed that is similar to the defensive item Umbrella Leaf, which would be planted above other plants to protect them from airborne zombies. However, it was difficult to visualize their positions.[17]
[edit] Soundtrack
The soundtrack for Plants vs. Zombies was composed by Laura Shigihara. It borrows elements from the pop music genre, as well as console chiptunes. Before the inception of Plants vs. Zombies, Fan asked Shigihara if she would like to compose the music for his next title after following her for some years. She accepted, owing to his creativity. Shigihara described the music as "macabre, yet goofy." Using the night stage as an example, she used a combination of "Big Band" and swing beats with "several haunting and serious melodies". The songs "Loonboon" and "Brainiac Maniac" were written towards the end of production. She stated that these were reactionary songs that she wrote to fit the feel of the game after having played through it twice. She tried to make the game have a Danny Elfman feel to it, while mixing in melodic tunes and funky beats. She describes a song early in the game, which uses marching band percussion and swing beats. She described another one which used techno beats with organic sounds.[20] Shigihara also composed and performed the music video shown during the credits of the game, titled Zombies on your Lawn.[21][22]
[edit] Cultural references
Plants vs. Zombies uses many cultural references in its names of stages and others. Two of the mini-games—"Zombiquarium" and "Beghouled"—take their names from two other PopCap games, Insaniquarium and Bejeweled respectively.[17][23] One of the zombies is a dancing zombie, resembling Michael Jackson from the music video "Thriller".[24] Though the Jackson-inspired zombie was present in the game before Jackson's death, the estate of Michael Jackson objected to its inclusion more than a year after his death; PopCap agreed to remove the Jackson-inspired zombie and replaced it with a more generic disco-dancing one for all future patches and releases of the game.[25] Some Plants vs. Zombies advertisements parody controversial Evony ads, showing a drooling zombie instead of a voluptuous woman.[26]
A planned name was Lawn of the Dead, a pun on the title of the George Romero zombie film Dawn of the Dead. Due to legal reasons it was changed to Plants vs. Zombies.[19] It spent three years in development, and was released for the PC on 5 May 2009.[17] Since it was released, it has been announced for multiple platforms, including the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade digital distribution service and the iOS.[27][28]
Plants vs. Zombies itself was referenced in The Passing campaign of Valve Software's fellow zombie game Left 4 Dead 2, in which the player can stumble upon in-game graffiti attributed to the character of Crazy Dave.
A quest, "Peacebloom vs Ghouls" in the Massively multiplayer online game World of Warcraft: Cataclysm is based on Plants vs. Zombies, using Warcraft elements to recreate the gameplay.[29]
The song "Loonboon" was inspired by composer Laura Shigihara's cat which they named Metroid. She explained that the stage she was composing for was frantic, so she watched Metroid as he ran around the house, jumping off walls and playing with his toy mouse. "Brainiac Maniac" was inspired by older Capcom games, specifically those in the Mega Man series, describing their songs as melodic and complex. She was inspired to make the Plants vs. Zombies music video by her desire to make a theme song for the game. She specifically chose the Sunflower to be the one singing by wanting to have it communicating with the zombies. She later suggested that it be made into a funny flash video, and Rich Werner and Tod Semple, an artist and programmer respectively from PopCap came down and worked on it. Once it was completed after two weeks of work, the PopCap marketing team enjoyed it enough that they used it as a marketing tool.[18] There are no plans to release the soundtrack as a stand-alone item, but Shigihara stated that she wishes to do it, so she thinks there is a good chance of it.[20]
[edit] Reception
{{VG Reviews |1UP = A- |Edge = 9/10 |EuroG = 9/10 |GamePro = 4.5/5 stars |GSpot = 8.5/10 |IGN = 9.0/10 |PCGUK = 90% |Destructoid = 10/10 |rev1 = Wired |rev1Score = 9/10 |rev2 = Gamezebo |rev2Score = 4.5/5 stars |MC = 88 |GR = 88.6% |PSN 360 = 4.1/5 Plants vs. Zombies has received a positive reception from critics, garnering an aggregate score of 88/100 from Metacritic and an 89.5% from GameRankings.[30][31] IGN editor Daemon Hatfield commented that it featured a lot more content than other games in the genre, as well as praising its addictive nature.[32] GameSpot editor Chris Watters praised the design of the plants and zombies, as well as the visuals and its overall value. However, he found fault in the learning curve.[33] 1UP editor Alice Liang found the game enjoyable, commenting that the lawnmowers that protect the left side of the screen strikes a good balance between ease-of-use and indepth game play.[23] Edge's review praised PopCap Games for adding an imaginative touch to every little detail of the game. He also credited them for taking the tower defense genre and making it their own.[34]
Laura Shigihara's music video also received praise, with Hatfield attributing his interest in the game to the video.[32] Liang also praised the song, asking how anyone could not want Plants vs. Zombies after seeing the video.[23]
[edit] Awards
Plants vs. Zombies has been nominated for the "Casual Game of the Year" and "Outstanding Achievement in Game Design" Interactive Achievement Awards from the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.[35] The game received nominations in "Best Game Design", "Innovation", and "Best Download Game" for the Game Developers Choice Awards.[36] Plants vs Zombies was picked by Gamezebo as one of the 'Best games of 2009'.[37]
[edit] Sales
To date, Plants vs. Zombies is the fastest-selling video game created by PopCap Games.[38] Plants vs. Zombies director George Fan estimated that half of the game's sales are from hardcore gamers.[39]
According to PopCap, the iOS release of Plants vs. Zombies sold more than 300,000 copies in the first nine days it was available on the App Store, generating more than $1M in gross sales, and considered it "the top-grossing iPhone launch"
Olah Raga
Tenis ternyata merupakan olahraga yang sudah sangat tua. Terekam pada pahatan yang dibuat sekitar 1500 tahun sebelum masehi di dinding sebuah kuil di mesir yang menunjukan representasi dari permainan bola tenis dan dimainkan pada saat upacara keagamaan. Permainan ini kemudian meluas ke seluruh daratan eropa pada abad ke-8.
Pada awal perkembangannya tenis dimainkan dengan memakai tangan atau sebuah tongkat yang dipukulkan bergantian menggunakan sebuah bola dari kayu yang padat. Permainan ini kemudian berkembang lagi menjadi permainan bola dengan dipukulkan melintasi sebuah dinding penghalang. Karena pada saat itu dirasakan bahwa kontrol bola lebih terasa menggunakan tangan, maka media yang berkembang pada waktu itu adalah dengan menggunakan sarung tangan kulit yang kemudian berevolusi kembali dengan menambahkan gagang. Inilah cikal bakal lahirnya sebuah raket tenis. Bola pun berevolusi dari sebuah bola kayu padat menjadi bola dari kulit yang diisi oleh dedak kulit padi.
Olahraga ini sangat berkembang di Perancis waktu itu. Pada abad 16-18 telah mulai banyak digandrungi terutama oleh kalangan Raja-raja dan para bangsawan dengan nama ‘Jeu de Palme’ atau olah raga kepalan tangan. Kata Tenis sendiri dipercaya berasal dari pemain Perancis yang sering menyebut kata ‘Tenez’ yang artinya “Main!” pada saat akan memulai permainan dan hingga sekarang kata tersebut dipakai sebagai nama olahraga ini. Tenis kemudian berkembang hingga dataran Inggris dan juga menyebar ke Spanyol, Itali, Belanda, Swiss dan Jerman. Namun tenis mengalami kemunduran saat terjadinya revolusi Perancis dan berkuasanya Napoleon Bonaparte di Eropa.
Pada abad 19 barulah tenis dimunculkan kembali oleh para bangsawan Inggris dengan membangun fasilitas-fasilitas country club atau lapangan tenis di rumahnya yang besar. Karena pada waktu itu tenis populer dimainkan di halaman rumput, maka terkenal dengan sebutan ‘Lawn Tennis’ atau tenis lapangan rumput. Pada masa ini juga mulai muncul bola dari karet vulkanisir yang pada waktu itu dianggap dapat mengurangi rusaknya rumput di lapangan tanpa mengurangi elastisitas dari bola itu sendiri.
Sebutan Lawn Tennis berasal dari seorang Inggris bernama Arthur Balfour. Sejak ditemukannya lawn tennis, orang mulai bereksperimen dengan memainkannya di permukaan lain seperti clay court (tanah liat) dan hard court (semen). Menggeliatnya permainan tenis ternyata mampu menggeser permainan Croquet sebagai olahraga musim panas. Puncaknya terjadi pada tahun 1869 ketika salah satu klub croquet ternama di Inggris, All England Croquet Club, tidak berhasil menarik banyak peminat dan mencoba untuk memasukan tenis sebagai olahraga lainnya. Hasilnya klub ini sangat sukses menarik peminat terutama pada permainan Tenis tersebut hingga pada tahun 1877 mengganti namanya menjadi ‘All Engand Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club’. Sejarah ini berlanjut ketika lokasi klub yang bertempat di Wimbledon terjadi kenaikan sewa tanah yang memaksa klub untuk mendapatkan dana lebih dari biasanya. Oleh karena itu klub mengadakan turnamen tenis pertama di Wimbledon dengan membentuk sebuah panitia untuk mengadakan pertandingan dan membuat peraturan yang baku dalam permainan ini. Turnamen tersebut diikuti oleh 20 peserta dengan penonton sekitar 200 orang dan ini merupakan cikal bakal turnamen Wimbledon yang merupakan salah satu turnamen grand slam tenis bergengsi di dunia.
Terdapat berbagai jenis permainan yang menggunakan raket yang dimainkan dewasa ini dan tenis merupakan salah satu permainan yang paling disukai. Menurut beberapa catatan sejarah, permainan menggunakan bola dan raket sudah dimainkan sejak sebelum Masehi, yaitu di Mesir dan Yunani. Pada abad ke-11 sejenis permainan yang disebut jeu de paume, yang menyerupai permainan tenis kini, telah dimainkan untuk pertama kali di sebuah kawasan di Perancis. Bola yang digunakan dibalut dengan benang berbulu sedangkan pemukulnya hanyalah tangan.
Permainan ini kemudian diperkenalkan ke Italia dan Inggris pada abad ke-13 dan mendapat sambutan hangat dalam waktu yang singkat. Banyak peminatnya ternyata di antara rakyat setempat terhadap permainan ini. Sejak itu perkembangan tenis terus meningkat ke negara-negara Eropa yang lain.
Raket bersenar diperkenalkan pertama kali pada abad ke-15 oleh Antonio da Scalo, seorang pastur berbangsa Italia. Ia menulis aturan umum bagi semua permainan yang menggunakan bola, termasuk tenis. Majalah Inggris "Sporting Magazine" menamakan permainan ini sebagai 'tenis lapangan' (lawn tennis). Dalam buku "Book of Games And Sports", yang diterbitkan dalam tahun 1801, disebut sebagai "tenis panjang". Tenis pada mulanya merupakan permainan masyarakat kelas atas. Tenis lapangan rumput yang terkenal di zaman Ratu Victoria lalu ditiru oleh golongan menengah, yang menjadikannya sebagai permainan biasa.
Klub tenis pertama yang didirikan adalah Leamington di Perancis oleh J.B. Perera, Harry Gem, Dr. Frederick Haynes, dan Dr. Arthur Tompkins pada tahun 1872. Pada masa itu, tenis disebut sebagai pelota atau lawn rackets. Dalam tahun 1874 permainan tenis telah pertama kali dimainkan di Amerika Serikat oleh Dr. James Dwight dan F.R. Sears. Sementara itu, All England Croquet Club pun telah didirikan pada tahun 1868. Dua tahun setelah itu dibukalah kantornya di Jalan Worple, Wimbledon. Pada tahun 1875, klub ini juga bersedia memperuntukkan sebagian dari lahannya untuk permainan tenis dan badminton. Sehubungan dengan itu, peraturan permainan tenis lapangan rumput ditulis. Amerika Serikat mendirikan klub tenis yang pertama di Staten Island. Bermula dari situlah, permainan tenis di Amerika Serikat berkembang dengan pesat sekali. Dari sana lahir banyak pemain tenis tangguh yang menguasai percaturan tenis tingkat dunia.
Kejuaraan tenis pertama bermula tahun 1877.
[sunting] Peraturan
[sunting] Lapangan
Lapangan tenis
Lapangan tenis dibagi dua oleh sebuah jaring yang di tengah-tengahnya tingginya persis 91.4 cm dan di pinggirnya 107 cm. Setiap paruh lapangan permainan dibagi menjadi tiga segi: sebuah segi belakang dan dua segi depan (untuk service).
Lapangan dan beberapa seginya dipisahkan dengan gatis-garis putih yang merupakan bagian dari lapangan tempat bermain tenis. Sebuah bola yang dipukul di luar lapangan (meski tidak menyentuh garis) dikatakan telah keluar dan memberi lawan sebuah nilai.
[sunting] Teknik bermain
* Forehand: sebuah pukulan di mana telapak tangan yang memegang raket dihadapkan ke depan.
* Backhand: sebuah pukulan di mana punggung tangan yang memegang raket dihadapkan ke depan.
* Groundstroke: sebuah pukulan forehand atau backhand yang dilakukan setelah bola memantul sekali di lapanganmu.
* Slice: pukulan forehand atau backhand dimana kepala reket dimiringkan sedikit dan dipukul dengan cara mengayunkan reket dari atas ke bawah.
* Spin: pukulan forehand atau backhand dimana reket dimiringkan sedikit atau banyak dimana jika mengenai bola akan mengalami perubahan arah (berputar).
* Dropshot: sebuah pukulan yang mengenai net lalu jatuh di daerah lawan.
* Smash: sebuah pukulan keras yang menghantam sebuah bola tanpa menyentuh tanah di atas kepala dan diarahkan ke lapangan sang lawan.
* Lob: sebuah pukulan dimana bola dipukul tinggi ke jurusan sebelah belakang lawan.
* Passing shot: sebuah pukulan dimana bola melalui (bukan melintas di atas) musuh yang berada di dekat net (lihat lob).
* Volley: pukulan forehand atau backhand sebelum bola memantul di lapanganmu.
Pada awal perkembangannya tenis dimainkan dengan memakai tangan atau sebuah tongkat yang dipukulkan bergantian menggunakan sebuah bola dari kayu yang padat. Permainan ini kemudian berkembang lagi menjadi permainan bola dengan dipukulkan melintasi sebuah dinding penghalang. Karena pada saat itu dirasakan bahwa kontrol bola lebih terasa menggunakan tangan, maka media yang berkembang pada waktu itu adalah dengan menggunakan sarung tangan kulit yang kemudian berevolusi kembali dengan menambahkan gagang. Inilah cikal bakal lahirnya sebuah raket tenis. Bola pun berevolusi dari sebuah bola kayu padat menjadi bola dari kulit yang diisi oleh dedak kulit padi.
Olahraga ini sangat berkembang di Perancis waktu itu. Pada abad 16-18 telah mulai banyak digandrungi terutama oleh kalangan Raja-raja dan para bangsawan dengan nama ‘Jeu de Palme’ atau olah raga kepalan tangan. Kata Tenis sendiri dipercaya berasal dari pemain Perancis yang sering menyebut kata ‘Tenez’ yang artinya “Main!” pada saat akan memulai permainan dan hingga sekarang kata tersebut dipakai sebagai nama olahraga ini. Tenis kemudian berkembang hingga dataran Inggris dan juga menyebar ke Spanyol, Itali, Belanda, Swiss dan Jerman. Namun tenis mengalami kemunduran saat terjadinya revolusi Perancis dan berkuasanya Napoleon Bonaparte di Eropa.
Pada abad 19 barulah tenis dimunculkan kembali oleh para bangsawan Inggris dengan membangun fasilitas-fasilitas country club atau lapangan tenis di rumahnya yang besar. Karena pada waktu itu tenis populer dimainkan di halaman rumput, maka terkenal dengan sebutan ‘Lawn Tennis’ atau tenis lapangan rumput. Pada masa ini juga mulai muncul bola dari karet vulkanisir yang pada waktu itu dianggap dapat mengurangi rusaknya rumput di lapangan tanpa mengurangi elastisitas dari bola itu sendiri.
Sebutan Lawn Tennis berasal dari seorang Inggris bernama Arthur Balfour. Sejak ditemukannya lawn tennis, orang mulai bereksperimen dengan memainkannya di permukaan lain seperti clay court (tanah liat) dan hard court (semen). Menggeliatnya permainan tenis ternyata mampu menggeser permainan Croquet sebagai olahraga musim panas. Puncaknya terjadi pada tahun 1869 ketika salah satu klub croquet ternama di Inggris, All England Croquet Club, tidak berhasil menarik banyak peminat dan mencoba untuk memasukan tenis sebagai olahraga lainnya. Hasilnya klub ini sangat sukses menarik peminat terutama pada permainan Tenis tersebut hingga pada tahun 1877 mengganti namanya menjadi ‘All Engand Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club’. Sejarah ini berlanjut ketika lokasi klub yang bertempat di Wimbledon terjadi kenaikan sewa tanah yang memaksa klub untuk mendapatkan dana lebih dari biasanya. Oleh karena itu klub mengadakan turnamen tenis pertama di Wimbledon dengan membentuk sebuah panitia untuk mengadakan pertandingan dan membuat peraturan yang baku dalam permainan ini. Turnamen tersebut diikuti oleh 20 peserta dengan penonton sekitar 200 orang dan ini merupakan cikal bakal turnamen Wimbledon yang merupakan salah satu turnamen grand slam tenis bergengsi di dunia.
Terdapat berbagai jenis permainan yang menggunakan raket yang dimainkan dewasa ini dan tenis merupakan salah satu permainan yang paling disukai. Menurut beberapa catatan sejarah, permainan menggunakan bola dan raket sudah dimainkan sejak sebelum Masehi, yaitu di Mesir dan Yunani. Pada abad ke-11 sejenis permainan yang disebut jeu de paume, yang menyerupai permainan tenis kini, telah dimainkan untuk pertama kali di sebuah kawasan di Perancis. Bola yang digunakan dibalut dengan benang berbulu sedangkan pemukulnya hanyalah tangan.
Permainan ini kemudian diperkenalkan ke Italia dan Inggris pada abad ke-13 dan mendapat sambutan hangat dalam waktu yang singkat. Banyak peminatnya ternyata di antara rakyat setempat terhadap permainan ini. Sejak itu perkembangan tenis terus meningkat ke negara-negara Eropa yang lain.
Raket bersenar diperkenalkan pertama kali pada abad ke-15 oleh Antonio da Scalo, seorang pastur berbangsa Italia. Ia menulis aturan umum bagi semua permainan yang menggunakan bola, termasuk tenis. Majalah Inggris "Sporting Magazine" menamakan permainan ini sebagai 'tenis lapangan' (lawn tennis). Dalam buku "Book of Games And Sports", yang diterbitkan dalam tahun 1801, disebut sebagai "tenis panjang". Tenis pada mulanya merupakan permainan masyarakat kelas atas. Tenis lapangan rumput yang terkenal di zaman Ratu Victoria lalu ditiru oleh golongan menengah, yang menjadikannya sebagai permainan biasa.
Klub tenis pertama yang didirikan adalah Leamington di Perancis oleh J.B. Perera, Harry Gem, Dr. Frederick Haynes, dan Dr. Arthur Tompkins pada tahun 1872. Pada masa itu, tenis disebut sebagai pelota atau lawn rackets. Dalam tahun 1874 permainan tenis telah pertama kali dimainkan di Amerika Serikat oleh Dr. James Dwight dan F.R. Sears. Sementara itu, All England Croquet Club pun telah didirikan pada tahun 1868. Dua tahun setelah itu dibukalah kantornya di Jalan Worple, Wimbledon. Pada tahun 1875, klub ini juga bersedia memperuntukkan sebagian dari lahannya untuk permainan tenis dan badminton. Sehubungan dengan itu, peraturan permainan tenis lapangan rumput ditulis. Amerika Serikat mendirikan klub tenis yang pertama di Staten Island. Bermula dari situlah, permainan tenis di Amerika Serikat berkembang dengan pesat sekali. Dari sana lahir banyak pemain tenis tangguh yang menguasai percaturan tenis tingkat dunia.
Kejuaraan tenis pertama bermula tahun 1877.
[sunting] Peraturan
[sunting] Lapangan
Lapangan tenis
Lapangan tenis dibagi dua oleh sebuah jaring yang di tengah-tengahnya tingginya persis 91.4 cm dan di pinggirnya 107 cm. Setiap paruh lapangan permainan dibagi menjadi tiga segi: sebuah segi belakang dan dua segi depan (untuk service).
Lapangan dan beberapa seginya dipisahkan dengan gatis-garis putih yang merupakan bagian dari lapangan tempat bermain tenis. Sebuah bola yang dipukul di luar lapangan (meski tidak menyentuh garis) dikatakan telah keluar dan memberi lawan sebuah nilai.
[sunting] Teknik bermain
* Forehand: sebuah pukulan di mana telapak tangan yang memegang raket dihadapkan ke depan.
* Backhand: sebuah pukulan di mana punggung tangan yang memegang raket dihadapkan ke depan.
* Groundstroke: sebuah pukulan forehand atau backhand yang dilakukan setelah bola memantul sekali di lapanganmu.
* Slice: pukulan forehand atau backhand dimana kepala reket dimiringkan sedikit dan dipukul dengan cara mengayunkan reket dari atas ke bawah.
* Spin: pukulan forehand atau backhand dimana reket dimiringkan sedikit atau banyak dimana jika mengenai bola akan mengalami perubahan arah (berputar).
* Dropshot: sebuah pukulan yang mengenai net lalu jatuh di daerah lawan.
* Smash: sebuah pukulan keras yang menghantam sebuah bola tanpa menyentuh tanah di atas kepala dan diarahkan ke lapangan sang lawan.
* Lob: sebuah pukulan dimana bola dipukul tinggi ke jurusan sebelah belakang lawan.
* Passing shot: sebuah pukulan dimana bola melalui (bukan melintas di atas) musuh yang berada di dekat net (lihat lob).
* Volley: pukulan forehand atau backhand sebelum bola memantul di lapanganmu.
CheaT
Dual Client PW indo
Posted by: Cheat Ayodance / Category: ni aLL aq mw share dual client perfect word buat kalian
yang maen PW indo lumayan 1 komp
bisa pake 7 karakter.
Cara pakai Dual Login :
1. Extract file tersebut ke directory yang anda inginkan
2. Mulai dahulu Element Clientnya
3. Setelah Element Client sudah beerjalan,buka program "RenameIT"
4. Langsung saja klik RenameIT
5. Buka lagi Launcher Perfect World anda
6. Play the game with 2 CHAR!!
gk usah basa basi langsung sedot aLL
Download
kaya biasa gk ada password
Baca selengkapnya »
yang maen PW indo lumayan 1 komp
bisa pake 7 karakter.
Cara pakai Dual Login :
1. Extract file tersebut ke directory yang anda inginkan
2. Mulai dahulu Element Clientnya
3. Setelah Element Client sudah beerjalan,buka program "RenameIT"
4. Langsung saja klik RenameIT
5. Buka lagi Launcher Perfect World anda
6. Play the game with 2 CHAR!!
gk usah basa basi langsung sedot aLL
Download
kaya biasa gk ada password
Baca selengkapnya »
(-) Alt-tab
(-) Char Hack
(-) Map Hack
(-) Weapon Hack
(+) Ammo
(+) Misi Mayor
(+) Title Effect Hack
Fitur:
Ammo [ON]
Wallshot [ON]
Misi Mayor [F9]
Title Effext Hack [F10]
Weapon Mode Hack [F11]
Penggunaan:
Misi Mayor, tekan F9 di lobby
Title Effect Hack, tekan F10 di jendela mission/title
Weapon Mode Hack, tekan F11 untuk menghilangkan batasan senjata sebelum klik START di room
Download
kaya biasa gk ada password
Creadit:hrd N3
Baca selengkapnya »
(-) Char Hack
(-) Map Hack
(-) Weapon Hack
(+) Ammo
(+) Misi Mayor
(+) Title Effect Hack
Fitur:
Ammo [ON]
Wallshot [ON]
Misi Mayor [F9]
Title Effext Hack [F10]
Weapon Mode Hack [F11]
Penggunaan:
Misi Mayor, tekan F9 di lobby
Title Effect Hack, tekan F10 di jendela mission/title
Weapon Mode Hack, tekan F11 untuk menghilangkan batasan senjata sebelum klik START di room
Download
kaya biasa gk ada password
Creadit:hrd N3
Baca selengkapnya »
ni aLL Jazz Marged versi 2.5
ni cheat buat ampe bsk doank
Download
gk ada password kaya biasa
Tutor uda ada di dalem
Creadit: N3 dan snutz
Langganan:
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